History of Austria (officially - Republic of Austria or Republik Osterreich in German), dates back to prehistoric times when the country was overrun by different tribes, including the Celts, Romans, Vandals and some other.
For several centuries that followed, Austria was a part of the Roman Empire up to its fall in the 5th century that entailed another tide of invasions.
In the late 8th century the area was conquered by Charles the Great who encouraged its Christianization and colonization. Later on, the territories were bequeathed to the House of Babenberg. It is about this time that the first record mentioning the name Austria appeared in documents describing actually the Babenberg March.
As in the 13th century the Babenberg line became extinct, the Habsburgs became the main dramatic personaes in the history of Austria until the First World War. The period of their ruling has deeply affected the cultural and economical development of the country which is reflected in its art and architecture and can't but be noticed when you travel Austria. The Habsburgs contributed hugely to the expansion of Austrian territories through the marriages of convenience with royal families of the world. It is at the time of their rule that Austria was a centre of the cultural renaissance and gave the world great artists and musicians.
Napoleon's defeat of Austria following the country's joining the French Revolution marked the end to the Holy Roman Empire in 1806. Half a century later, the dual-monarchy Austria-Hungary was established, including German, Czech, Serbian, and other lands, being one of the world's central powers of that time.
However, the First World War brought much chaos and destruction with it and the Austro-Hungarian Empire affected by it, too, went out of existence.
In 1918 Austria was proclaimed a republic and the monarchy was abolished.
The 20th century, however, had another terrible World War in store and as in 1938 German troops occupied the country, it was forced to incorporate to the Third Reich. The victory of the allies in 1945 proclaimed liberty of Austria, and the second republic was declared, yet the country only became independent again in 1955.
With the formation of Austrian Republic in 1945 the land constitutionally secured its permanent neutrality and has not betrayed its principles since then even with the annexation to the European Union in 1995.
For more information on sightseeings and attractions of Austria, art in Austria and architecture of Austria see the correspondent articles of our site. If you happen to need any information about hotels and hotel reservation visit this hotel prices guide. |
